
TM
Dr. Grisel Lopez-Escobar, PhD (Counseling)
Licensed Mental Health Counselor offering virtual therapy to adult clients in 19 U.S. states
Working with people who are questioning, deconstructing, or leaving high-control religions, groups, or cults
Trauma Bonding

A powerful attachment formed through cycles of fear/pain and relief/affection, making leaving feel like losing the only source of safety.
• You endure harm, then feel intense gratitude when kindness returns.
• You interpret intermittent approval as love, and instability as something you must “earn.”
• You stay because the bond feels stronger when the stakes feel higher.
Potential clinical implications (especially in high control settings)
• Dependency cycles, lowered boundaries, and difficulty trusting stable relationships.
• Confusion between love and survival, leading to repeated re-entry after leaving.
• Complex trauma symptoms and grief when the bond breaks.